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Category: Leadership Competencies

Leader Positivity and Team Outcomes: A Literature Review

Posted on August 16, 2023March 14, 2025 by Dr. Julie C. Armstrong, DSL

Abstract Given the high demand for 21st century knowledge work to be completed in group settings, combined with the low percentage of teams who reach high performing status, the stakes are higher than ever as teams attempt to deliver on their organization’s strategic, financial, and community objectives. Researchers have hypothesized repeatedly that the conditions in which…

Middle Managers’ Leadership Competencies in the Literature

Posted on May 5, 2023May 5, 2023 by Dr. Julie C. Armstrong, DSL

Middle managers are expected to demonstrate a wide set of leadership competencies to motivate themselves and their employees to improved performance (Diskiene et al., 2019). Middle leaders require competencies ranging from strategic to interpersonal, including thinking and acting strategically; demonstrating strong character (e.g., trustworthiness and integrity); building a positive team culture and encouraging positive relationships…

Middle Manager Barriers to Exhibiting Leadership Competencies

Posted on May 5, 2023May 5, 2023 by Dr. Julie C. Armstrong, DSL

In both the business and the education literature, researchers identified middle manager barriers to exhibiting leadership competencies. In business, barriers identified in order of most to least include: emphasis on administrative, operational, and managerial work (Alvesson & Jonsson, 2018; Tsuda & Sato, 2020); excessive work load leading to lack of time to engage in leadership…

Defining Middle Leadership and Middle Leadership Competencies

Posted on May 4, 2023May 5, 2023 by Dr. Julie C. Armstrong, DSL

Defining Middle Leadership Middle leadership is a unique leadership construct including the leadership responsibilities, behaviors, and competencies required by middle managers to perform as leaders in the middle of the organizational hierarchy (De Nobile, 2018; Kieran et al., 2020; Pavlopoulos, 2020; Thornton et al., 2018; Wei, 2018). Middle leadership – or “leading from the middle”…

Hybrid Leadership Competencies … or Hybrid Leadership Structures?

Posted on April 3, 2023May 4, 2023 by Dr. Julie C. Armstrong, DSL

Because my doctoral dissertation focused on leadership competencies, I am often asked: What are the new competencies/skills that leaders need in this new hybrid environment? I’ve actually been pondering a twist on this question.  What if it’s not a new set of leadership competencies that are needed for effective hybrid leadership, but rather, a new…

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